MCP（Model Context Protocol）完整参考指南

# 基本 HTTP 连接
claude mcp add --transport http notion https://mcp.notion.com/mcp

# 带认证头的 HTTP
claude mcp add --transport http secure-api https://api.example.com/mcp \
  --header "Authorization: Bearer your-token"

# 本地 Node.js 服务器
claude mcp add --transport stdio myserver -- npx @myorg/mcp-server

# 带环境变量
claude mcp add --transport stdio myserver --env KEY=value -- npx server

claude mcp add --transport sse legacy-server https://example.com/sse

claude mcp add --transport stdio my-server -- cmd /c npx -y @some/package

# 连接到启用 OAuth 的 MCP 服务器（交互式流程）
claude mcp add --transport http my-service https://my-service.example.com/mcp

# 预配置 OAuth 凭据用于非交互式设置
claude mcp add --transport http my-service https://my-service.example.com/mcp \
  --client-id "your-client-id" \
  --client-secret "your-client-secret" \
  --callback-port 8080

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "my-server": {
      "type": "http",
      "url": "https://mcp.example.com/mcp",
      "oauth": {
        "authServerMetadataUrl": "https://auth.example.com/.well-known/openid-configuration"
      }
    }
  }
}

ENABLE_CLAUDEAI_MCP_SERVERS=false claude

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "always-on-tool": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["./tools/always.js"],
      "alwaysLoad": true
    }
  }
}

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "github": {
      "type": "http",
      "url": "https://api.github.com/mcp"
    }
  }
}

# 添加基于 HTTP 的服务器
claude mcp add --transport http github https://api.github.com/mcp

# 添加本地 stdio 服务器
claude mcp add --transport stdio database -- npx @company/db-server

# 列出所有 MCP 服务器
claude mcp list

# 获取特定服务器的详细信息
claude mcp get github

# 移除 MCP 服务器
claude mcp remove github

# 重置项目特定的批准选择
claude mcp reset-project-choices

# 从 Claude Desktop 导入
claude mcp add-from-claude-desktop

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "github": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
      "env": {
        "GITHUB_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
      }
    }
  }
}

export GITHUB_TOKEN="your_github_token"
# 或使用 CLI 直接添加：
claude mcp add --transport stdio github -- npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-github

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "api-server": {
      "type": "http",
      "url": "${API_BASE_URL:-https://api.example.com}/mcp",
      "headers": {
        "Authorization": "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
        "X-Custom-Header": "${CUSTOM_HEADER:-default-value}"
      }
    },
    "local-server": {
      "command": "${MCP_BIN_PATH:-npx}",
      "args": ["${MCP_PACKAGE:-@company/mcp-server}"],
      "env": {
        "DB_URL": "${DATABASE_URL:-postgresql://localhost/dev}"
      }
    }
  }
}

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "database": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["@modelcontextprotocol/server-database"],
      "env": {
        "DATABASE_URL": "postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb"
      }
    }
  }
}

用户：获取所有订单超过 10 个的用户

Claude：我将查询你的数据库以获取该信息。

# 使用 MCP 数据库工具：
SELECT u.*, COUNT(o.id) as order_count
FROM users u
LEFT JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id
GROUP BY u.id
HAVING COUNT(o.id) > 10
ORDER BY order_count DESC;

# 结果：
- Alice：15 个订单
- Bob：12 个订单
- Charlie：11 个订单

export DATABASE_URL="postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb"
# 或使用 CLI 直接添加：
claude mcp add --transport stdio database -- npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-database

# 使用多个 MCP 的每日报告工作流

## 设置
1. GitHub MCP - 获取 PR 指标
2. Database MCP - 查询销售数据
3. Slack MCP - 发布报告
4. Filesystem MCP - 保存报告

## 工作流

### 步骤 1：获取 GitHub 数据
/mcp__github__list_prs completed:true last:7days

输出：
- 总 PR 数：42
- 平均合并时间：2.3 小时
- 审查周转时间：1.1 小时

### 步骤 2：查询数据库
SELECT COUNT(*) as sales, SUM(amount) as revenue
FROM orders
WHERE created_at > NOW() - INTERVAL '1 day'

输出：
- 销售量：247
- 收入：$12,450

### 步骤 3：生成报告
将数据组合成 HTML 报告

### 步骤 4：保存到文件系统
将 report.html 写入 /reports/

### 步骤 5：发布到 Slack
将摘要发送到 #daily-reports 频道

最终输出：
✅ 报告已生成并发布
📊 本周合并了 47 个 PR
💰 每日销售额 $12,450

export GITHUB_TOKEN="your_github_token"
export DATABASE_URL="postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb"
export SLACK_TOKEN="your_slack_token"
# 通过 CLI 添加每个 MCP 服务器或在 .mcp.json 中配置它们

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "filesystem": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/home/user/projects"]
    }
  }
}

# 使用 CLI 直接添加：
claude mcp add --transport stdio filesystem -- npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem /home/user/projects

# ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.zshrc
export GITHUB_TOKEN="ghp_xxxxxxxxxxxxx"
export DATABASE_URL="postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb"
export SLACK_TOKEN="xoxb-xxxxxxxxxxxxx"

{
  "env": {
    "GITHUB_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
  }
}

# 在 stdio 上启动 Claude Code 作为 MCP 服务器
claude mcp serve

claude mcp add --transport stdio claude-agent -- claude mcp serve

{
  "allowedMcpServers": [
    {
      "serverName": "github",
      "serverUrl": "https://api.github.com/mcp"
    },
    {
      "serverName": "company-internal",
      "serverCommand": "company-mcp-server"
    }
  ],
  "deniedMcpServers": [
    {
      "serverName": "untrusted-*"
    },
    {
      "serverUrl": "http://*"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "plugin-tools": {
      "command": "node",
      "args": ["${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/dist/mcp-server.js"],
      "env": {
        "CONFIG_PATH": "${CLAUDE_PLUGIN_ROOT}/config.json"
      }
    }
  }
}

---
mcpServers:
  my-tool:
    type: http
    url: https://my-tool.example.com/mcp
---

你是可以访问 my-tool 进行专业操作的 agent。

# 将最大输出增加到 50,000 tokens
export MAX_MCP_OUTPUT_TOKENS=50000

// ./servers/google-drive/getDocument.ts
import { callMCPTool } from "../../../client.js";

interface GetDocumentInput {
  documentId: string;
}

interface GetDocumentResponse {
  content: string;
}

export async function getDocument(
  input: GetDocumentInput
): Promise<GetDocumentResponse> {
  return callMCPTool<GetDocumentResponse>(
    'google_drive__get_document', input
  );
}

import * as gdrive from './servers/google-drive';
import * as salesforce from './servers/salesforce';

// 数据直接在工具之间流动——永不通过模型
const transcript = (
  await gdrive.getDocument({ documentId: 'abc123' })
).content;

await salesforce.updateRecord({
  objectType: 'SalesMeeting',
  recordId: '00Q5f000001abcXYZ',
  data: { Notes: transcript }
});

// 不使用代码执行——所有 10,000 行都流经上下文
// 工具调用：gdrive.getSheet(sheetId: 'abc123')
//   -> 在上下文中返回 10,000 行

// 使用代码执行——在执行环境中过滤
const allRows = await gdrive.getSheet({ sheetId: 'abc123' });
const pendingOrders = allRows.filter(
  row => row["Status"] === 'pending'
);
console.log(`Found ${pendingOrders.length} pending orders`);
console.log(pendingOrders.slice(0, 5)); // 仅 5 行到达模型

// 轮询部署通知——完全在代码中运行
let found = false;
while (!found) {
  const messages = await slack.getChannelHistory({
    channel: 'C123456'
  });
  found = messages.some(
    m => m.text.includes('deployment complete')
  );
  if (!found) await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 5000));
}
console.log('Deployment notification received');

npx mcporter list          # 无需安装——即时发现服务器
pnpm add mcporter          # 添加到项目
brew install steipete/tap/mcporter  # macOS 通过 Homebrew

import { createRuntime, createServerProxy } from "mcporter";

const runtime = await createRuntime();
const gdrive = createServerProxy(runtime, "google-drive");
const salesforce = createServerProxy(runtime, "salesforce");

// 数据在工具之间流动，而不通过模型上下文
const doc = await gdrive.getDocument({ documentId: "abc123" });
await salesforce.updateRecord({
  objectType: "SalesMeeting",
  recordId: "00Q5f000001abcXYZ",
  data: { Notes: doc.text() }
});

# 直接调用特定工具
npx mcporter call linear.create_comment issueId:ENG-123 body:'Looks good!'

# 列出可用的服务器和工具
npx mcporter list

claude mcp add --transport stdio github -- npx @modelcontextprotocol/server-github

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "github": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
      "env": {
        "GITHUB_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
      }
    }
  }
}

export GITHUB_TOKEN="your_github_personal_access_token"

claude /mcp

/mcp__github__list_prs
/mcp__github__create_issue "Title" "Description"

npm install -g @modelcontextprotocol/server-github

npm install -g @modelcontextprotocol/server-database

npm install -g @modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem

npm install -g @modelcontextprotocol/server-slack

# 验证 MCP 服务器是否已安装
npm list -g @modelcontextprotocol/server-github

# 如果缺失则安装
npm install -g @modelcontextprotocol/server-github

# 验证环境变量是否已设置
echo $GITHUB_TOKEN

# 如果需要则重新导出
export GITHUB_TOKEN="your_token"

# 验证 token 是否具有正确的权限
# 在 https://github.com/settings/tokens 检查 GitHub token 范围